| INDICE: |
| | | ABBREVIATIONS |
| | | INTRODUCTION |
| | Part One | The Principles of Spherical Astronomy and the Nautical Astronomical Almanac (MAE) |
| | Chapter 1. | The Spherical Coordinates of Celestial Bodies |
| | Sec. 1. | The Celestial Sphere |
| | Sec. 2. | Coordinates of Celestial Bodies on the Celestial Sphere |
| | Sec. 3. | The Relationship Between the Geographic LAtitude of the Observer's Position and the Spherical Coordinates of Points of the Sphere |
| | Sec. 4. | Representations of the Celestial Sphere Used in Nautical Astronomy |
| | Chapter 2. | Conversion from One System of Spherical Coordinates |
| | Sec. 5. | Constructing the Celestial Sphere |
| | Sec. 6. | Special Grids for Transformation of COordinates (Fundamentals) |
| | Sec. 7. | The Astronomical Triangle of a Celestial Body and Its Solution |
| | Chapter 3. | Apparent Diurnal Motion of Celestial Bodies |
| | Sec. 8.(1) | General Characteristics of the Diurnal Motion of Celestial Bodies |
| | Sec. 8.(2) | Conditions for the Rising and Setting of Bodies |
| | Sec. 8.(3) | Their Passage Through the Zenith and So Forth |
| | Sec. 9. | Some Problems Associated with the Diurnal Motion of Celestial Bodies |
| | Sec. 10. | Peculiarities in the Apparent DIurnal Motion of Celestial Bodies for an Observer at the Equator and at the Poles |
| | Sec. 11. | Changes in the Coordinates of Bodies Due to Their Apparent Diurnal Motion |
| | Sec. 12. | The Apparent Diurnal Motion of Celestial Bodies Explained |
| | Chapter 4. | Apparent Annual Motion of the Sun |
| | Sec. 13.(1) | A Characteristic of the Apparent Motion of the Sun |
| | Sec. 13.(2) | The Ecliptic |
| | Sec. 14. | Ecliptic Coordinates |
| | Sec. 15.(1) | Geographic (Climatic) Zones |
| | Sec. 15.(2) | Seasons |
| | Sec. 16. | The Diurnal and Annual Motion of the Sun for Observers in DIfferent Latitudes |
| | Sec. 17. | An Explanation of the Apparent Annual Motion of the Sun |
| | Sec. 18. | Variations in the Equatorial Coordinates of the Sun |
| | Sec. 19. | Approximate Solution of the Problems Associated with the Sun's Motion |
| | Chapter 5. | Phenomena Associated with the Revolution and Rotation of the Earth |
| | Sec. 20.(1) | Annual Parallax of Stars. |
| | Sec. 20.(2) | The Diurnal Parallax |
| | Sec. 21. | Stellar Aberration |
| | Sec. 22. | The Essentials of Procession and Nutation |
| | Sec. 23. | On Variations in the Equatorial Coordinates of Stars |
| | Chapter 6. | The Apparent Motions of the Moon |
| | Sec. 24. | Proper Motion of the Moon and Its Explanation |
| | Sec. 25. | Periods in Lunar Motion |
| | Sec. 26.(1) | Phases and Age of the Moon |
| | Sec. 26.(2) | Conditions of Seeing |
| | Sec. 27. | Changes in Lunar Coordinates |
| | Sec. 28. | Approximate Solution of Problems Associated with the Motion of the Moon |
| | Sec. 29. | The Fundamentals of Tides |
| | Sec. 30. | Planetary Motions Proper |
| | Chapter 7. | The Stellar Sky |
| | Sec. 31. | On the Classification of Stars |
| | Sec. 32. | Star and Constellation Identification |
| | Chapter 8. | Measurement of Time |
| | Sec. 33. | Fundamentals of Measuring Time |
| | Sec. 34.(1) | Sidereal Units |
| | Sec. 34.(2) | Sidereal Time |
| | Sec. 34.(3) | Sidereal Time |
| | Sec. 35. | The Basic Formula of Time |
| | Sec. 36. | Apparent Solar Day |
| | Sec. 37.(1) | Mean Solar Day |
| | Sec. 37.(2) | Mean Solar Time |
| | Sec. 38. | Equation of Time |
| | Sec. 39. | Relationship Between Sidereal and Mean Units of Time Measurement |
| | Sec. 41. | Times on Various Meridians |
| | Sec. 42. | Zone Time, Legal Time, Ship Time |
| | Sec. 43. | International Date Line |
| | Sec. 44. | Calendar |
| | Sec. 40. | Converting from Mean Time to Sidereal Time and Vice Versa |
| | Chapter 9. | Nautical Astronomical Almanac (MAE) |
| | Sec. 45. | Almanacs |
| | Sec. 46. | The Structure of MAE Tables for Obtaining Hour Angles and Declinations of Celestial Bodies |
| | Sec. 47. | Determining the Time of Transit of Bodies, the Arrival Time of a Body at a Given Hour Angle and Other Problems |
| | Sec. 48. | Basic Facts on the Structure and Use of Nautical Almanacs of the Other Countries |
| | Sec. 49. | Using the MAE of Earlier Years |
| | Part Two | Instruments and Tools Used in Nautical Astronomy |
| | Chapter 10. | The Chronometer and Timekeeping |
| | Sec. 50. | Timekeeping at Sea |
| | Sec. 51. | Designation and Construction of Chronometer and Other Ship Timepieces |
| | Sec. 52. | Chronometer and Watch Error (Correction) |
| | Sec. 53. | The Chronometer Rate and Its Variations |
| | Sec. 54.(1) | Determination of Chronometer Error by Radio Time Signals |
| | Sec. 54.(2) | Programs of Radio Signals |
| | Sec. 55. | Care of Chronometers |
| | Sec. 56. | Working with Chronometer and Watch |
| | Sec. 57. | Care of Ship Timepieces |
| | Chapter 11. | The Theory and Construction of the Marine Sextant |
| | Sec. 58. | Peculiarities of Marine Angle-Measuring Instruments |
| | Sec. 59. | Theoretical Principles of the Marine Sextant |
| | Sec. 60.(1) | Zero-Point Correction. |
| | Sec. 60.(2) | Index Correction |
| | Sec. 61. | Elements of the Marine Sextant |
| | Sec. 62.(1) | Basic Instrumental Errors of the Sextant and Their Reduction |
| | Sec. 62.(2) | Finding the Index Correction |
| | Chapter 12. | Measuring Altitudes of Celestial Bodies with a Marine Sextant |
| | Sec. 63. | Methods of Measuring Altitude |
| | Sec. 64. | Measuring Altitudes of Celestial Bodies Above the Visible Horizon |
| | Sec. 65. | Special Cases in Measuring the Altitudes of Celestial Bodies |
| | Chapter 13. | Sextants with Artificial Horizon |
| | Sec. 66. | Essential Theory of Sextants with Artificial Horizon and Integrator or Averager (Type ИАС) |
| | Sec. 67. | Design Features of the ИАС Sextant |
| | Sec. 68. | Using the ИАС Sextant |
| | Sec. 69. | Fundmentals of the Radio Sextant |
| | Chapter 14. | Correcting Sextant-Measured Altitudes of Celestial Bodies |
| | Sec. 70. | The Necessity for Correcting Measured Altitudes |
| | Sec. 71. | Astronomical Refraction |
| | Sec. 72. | Dip Short of the Horizon, the Dip of the Horizon |
| | Sec. 73. | Essentials of the Dipmeter |
| | Sec. 74. | Diurnal Parallax |
| | Sec. 75. | SSemidiameters of Celestial Bodies |
| | Sec. 76. | Correcting the Altitudes of the Bodies Measured Above the Visible Horizon |
| | Sec. 77. | Correcting Altitudes Measured with Artificial Horizon and Bubble Sextant ИАС |
| | Sec. 78. | Errors Involved in Correcting Altitude |
| | Chapter 15. | Errors in Observing Altitude at Sea, Methods of Detecting and Reducing Them |
| | Sec. 79. | Errors in Measured Altitudes and Ways of Determining Them |
| | Sec. 80. | Reducing Altitudes of Celestial Bodies to a Single Instant |
| | Sec. 81. | Reducing Altitudes of Celestial Bodies to a Single Zenith |
| | Sec. 82. | Reducing Altitudes of Celestial Bodies to a Single Declination |
| | Sec. 83. | Computing the Mean-Square Error of Altitude from Observed Altitudes |
| | Sec. 84. | Methods of Checking Measured Altitudes |
| | Sec. 85. | Ways of Reducing the Effects of Random and Systematic |
| | Chapter 16. | The Celestial Globe and Aids That Replace It |
| | Sec. 86. | The Celestial Globe, Designation and Construction |
| | Sec. 87. | Solving Problems with the Celestial Globe |
| | Sec. 88. | Aids That Replace the Celestial Globe |
| | Part Three | Methods of Nautical Astronomy |
| | Chapter 17. | Astronomical Determination of the Compass Correction |
| | Sec. 89. | The Fundamentals of Astronomical Determination of the Compass Correction |
| | Sec. 90.(1) | The Effect of Errors in D.R. Latitude and Longitude on the Azimuth Being COmputed of a Celestial Body |
| | Sec. 90.(2) | Most Favourable Conditions of Observation |
| | Sec. 91.(1) | Systematic and Random Errors in the Compass Bearing of a Celestial Body |
| | Sec. 91.(2) | Conditions for Taking Bearings |
| | Sec. 92. | Determining Compass COrrection in the General Case |
| | Sec. 93. | Special Tables for COmputing Azimuth (or Bearing) of a Celestial Body |
| | Sec. 94. | Special Cases in Determining the Compass Correction from the Sun and Polaris |
| | Sec. 95. | Compiling Deviation Tables from the Bearings of Celestial Bodies |
| | Chapter 18. | Essentials of Astronomical Determintion of Position at Sea |
| | Sec. 96. | The Relationship Between the Position of a Ship and the Position of Its Zenith on the Sphere |
| | Sec. 97. | General Principles for Determining the Zenith on the Celestial Sphere or the Observer's Position on the Earth |
| | Sec. 98. | Most Favourable Conditions in Arrangement of Celestial Bodies for Determining Position and for Separate Determination of Its Coordinateφ and λ |
| | Sec. 99. | Circle of Equal Altitudes |
| | Sec. 100. | Fundamentals of Various Methods of Determining the Position of a Ship from Circles of Equal Altitudes |
| | Sec. 101. | The Essence of the Generalized Method of Lines of Positions |
| | Sec. 102.(1) | The Equation of an Altitude Line of Position |
| | Sec. 102.(2) | Obtaining Corrections Δφ and Δλ to the Coordinates φc, λc Analitically |
| | Chapter 19. | The Method of Altitude Lines of Position (Method of Marcq Saint-Hilaire) |
| | Sec. 103. | Elements of an Altitude Line of Position |
| | Sec. 104. | The Astronomical Triangle and Its Solutions by Formulas of Spherical Trigonometry |
| | Sec. 105.(1) | Instances of D. R. Position Relative to Circle of Equal Altitudes |
| | Sec. 105.(2) | Laying down the Position Line |
| | Sec. 106. | Properties of an Altitude Line of Position |
| | Sec. 107. | Special Tables for Computing Altitude (hc) and Azimuth Ac) |
| | Sec. 108. | Special Instruments for Computing Altitude and Azimuth (Fundamentals) |
| | Sec. 109.(1) | Errors in Constructing Altitude Lines of Position on a Chart, and Errors that Fellow from the Method Proper of Position Lines |
| | Sec. 109.(2) | Limitations of the Method |
| | Sec. 110. | The Effect of Errors in the Altitude Difference (Intercept) h-hc on the Position of an Altitude Line |
| | Chapter 20. | Determining Position of Ship by the Method of Altitude Lines of Positions |
| | Sec. 111. | Peculiarities in Determining Position from Simultaneous Observations of Two Bodies |
| | Sec. 112. | The Effect of Errors of Observation and Computation on the Observed Position Obtained from Two Stars |
| | Sec. 113. | Methods of Practical Analysis of an Observed Position |
| | Sec. 114. | Order of Obtaining an Observed Position from "Two Star Sights" (Instructions) |
| | Sec. 115. | Determining a Ship's Position from Simultaneous Observations of the Altitudes of the Three Bodies (Three Stars) |
| | Sec. 116. | Determining a Position from Four Stars |
| | Sec. 117. | Making a Running FIx from Two Altitudes of One Celestial Body (Sun) Measured at Different Times |
| | Sec. 118. | The Effect of Errors on a Position Obtained from Different-Time Sun Sights (Running Fix) |
| | Sec. 119. | Routine and Practical Suggestions for Obtaining a Running FIx (Instructions) |
| | Sec. 120. | Combination Methods of Obtaining FIxes Based on Altitude and Navigational Lines of Position |
| | Sec. 121. | Using a Single Altitude Line of Position |
| | Chapter 21. | Methods for Separate Determination of the Latitude and Longitude of a Ship's Position |
| | Sec. 122. | On Methods for Separate Determination of Coordinates |
| | Sec. 123. | Determining the Latitude of a Place from the Meridian (Greatest) Altitude of a Celestial Body |
| | Sec. 124. | The Effects of Errors of Method and Errors of Observation on the Observed Latitude |
| | Sec. 125. | Determining Latitude from the Ex-meridian Altitudes of Celestial Bodies |
| | Sec. 126.(1) | The Effects of Errors in the Hour Angle (Longitude) and in Altitude on the Latitude Being Determined |
| | Sec. 126.(2) | Limits of Observations |
| | Sec. 127. | Determining the Latitude from Ex-meridian Altitudes (Practical Aspects) |
| | Sec. 128. | Determining Latitude from Polaris Altitudes |
| | Sec. 129.(1) | Relationship Between a Parallel of LAtitude and an Altitude Line of Position |
| | Sec. 129.(2) | The Limits for Replacing an Altitude Line with a Parallel |
| | Sec. 130. | Essential for Determining Longitude at Sea from Altitudes of Celestial Bodies and a Chronometer |
| | Sec. 131. | Particular Cases of Determining Position from an Altitude Line of Position and a Body Near the Meridian (φ) or the Prime Vertical (λ) |
| | Chapter 22. | Special Methods for Determining the Position of a Ship and Its Coordinates at Sea |
| | Sec. 132. | Finding the Position from Sun Altitudes for Small Azimuth Difference (Brief Sun Sight) |
| | Sec. 133. | Determining a Ship's Position in Low Latitudes at Sun Altitudes up to 85° |
| | Sec. 134. | Essentials of the Method of Short Equal Altitudes (for Sun Altitudes from 75° to 88°) |
| | Sec. 135. | Determining Position in Low Latitudes for Altitude of Sun Exceeding 88° |
| | Sec. 136. | Star Altitude Curves |
| | Chapter 23. | Determining Time of Rising and Setting of Celestial Bodies and the Illumination of the Horizon |
| | Sec. 137. | General Remarks |
| | Sec. 138. | Determining a Ship's Time of True and Apparent Sunrise and Sunset |
| | Sec. 139. | Determining the Ship's Time of True and Apparent Sunrise and Sunset |
| | Sec. 140. | Determining Time of Apparent Moonrise (Moonset) |
| | | Appendices |
| | Appendix I. | Essentials of Plane Trigonometry |
| | Appendix II. | Essentials of Spherical Geometry |
| | Appendix III. | Essentials of Spherical Trigonometry |
| | Appendix IV. | Essential Computational Techniques |
| | Appendix V. | Essentials of Error Theory |
| | Appendix VI. | Approximate Methods of Orientation |
| | Appendix VII. | Chart of Constant Ephemerides of the Sun (δ☉, η, αE♁🜨) |
| | Appendix VIII. | Answers to Problems |
| | | Name Index |
| | | Subject Index |
| 615 | | _ |
